How Do I Align Gridlines For Two Y-axis Scales Using Matplotlib?
Solution 1:
I am not sure if this is the prettiest way to do it, but it does fix it with one line:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
np.random.seed(0)
fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax1.plot(pd.Series(np.random.uniform(0, 1, size=10)))
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
ax2.plot(pd.Series(np.random.uniform(10, 20, size=10)), color='r')
# ADD THIS LINE
ax2.set_yticks(np.linspace(ax2.get_yticks()[0], ax2.get_yticks()[-1], len(ax1.get_yticks())))
plt.show()
Solution 2:
I could solve it by deactivating ax.grid(None) in one of the grid`s axes:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax1.plot(pd.Series(np.random.uniform(0, 1, size=10)))
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
ax2.plot(pd.Series(np.random.uniform(10, 20, size=10)), color='r')
ax2.grid(None)
plt.show()
Solution 3:
I wrote this function that takes Matplotlib axes objects ax1, ax2, and floats minresax1 minresax2:
defalign_y_axis(ax1, ax2, minresax1, minresax2):
""" Sets tick marks of twinx axes to line up with 7 total tick marks
ax1 and ax2 are matplotlib axes
Spacing between tick marks will be a factor of minresax1 and minresax2"""
ax1ylims = ax1.get_ybound()
ax2ylims = ax2.get_ybound()
ax1factor = minresax1 * 6
ax2factor = minresax2 * 6
ax1.set_yticks(np.linspace(ax1ylims[0],
ax1ylims[1]+(ax1factor -
(ax1ylims[1]-ax1ylims[0]) % ax1factor) %
ax1factor,
7))
ax2.set_yticks(np.linspace(ax2ylims[0],
ax2ylims[1]+(ax2factor -
(ax2ylims[1]-ax2ylims[0]) % ax2factor) %
ax2factor,
7))
It calculates and sets the ticks such that there are seven ticks. The lowest tick corresponds to the current lowest tick and increases the highest tick such that the separation between each tick is integer multiples of minrexax1 or minrexax2.
To make it general, you can set the total number of ticks you want by changing ever 7 you see to the total number of ticks, and change 6 to the total number of ticks minus 1.
I put a pull request in to incorporate some this into matplotlib.ticker.LinearLocator:
https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/issues/6142
In the future (Matplotlib 2.0 perhaps?), try:
import matplotlib.tickernticks=11
ax1.yaxis.set_major_locator(matplotlib.ticker.LinearLocator(nticks))
ax2.yaxis.set_major_locator(matplotlib.ticker.LinearLocator(nticks))
That should just work and choose convenient ticks for both y-axes.
Solution 4:
I created a method to align the ticks of multiple y- axes (could be more than 2), with possibly different scales in different axes.
Below is an example figure:
There are 3 y- axes, one blue on the left, and a green and a red on the right. The 3 curves are plotted onto the y-axis with the corresponding color. Note that they all have very different order of magnitudes.
- Left plot: No alignment.
- Mid plot: Aligned at (approximately) the lower bound of each y axis.
- Right plot: Aligned at specified values:
0for blue,2.2*1e8for red, and44for green. Those are chosen arbitrarily.
What I'm doing is to scale each y array to be within the range of 1-100, then merge all scaled y-values into a single array, from which a new set of ticks is created using MaxNLocator. Then this new set of ticks is scaled back using the corresponding scaling factor to get the new ticks for each axis. If some specific alignment is required, y arrays are shifted before scaling, and shifted back afterwards.
Complete code here (the key function is alignYaxes()):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
defmake_patch_spines_invisible(ax):
'''Used for creating a 2nd twin-x axis on the right/left
E.g.
fig, ax=plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x, y)
tax1=ax.twinx()
tax1.plot(x, y1)
tax2=ax.twinx()
tax2.spines['right'].set_position(('axes',1.09))
make_patch_spines_invisible(tax2)
tax2.spines['right'].set_visible(True)
tax2.plot(x, y2)
'''
ax.set_frame_on(True)
ax.patch.set_visible(False)
for sp in ax.spines.values():
sp.set_visible(False)
defalignYaxes(axes, align_values=None):
'''Align the ticks of multiple y axes
Args:
axes (list): list of axes objects whose yaxis ticks are to be aligned.
Keyword Args:
align_values (None or list/tuple): if not None, should be a list/tuple
of floats with same length as <axes>. Values in <align_values>
define where the corresponding axes should be aligned up. E.g.
[0, 100, -22.5] means the 0 in axes[0], 100 in axes[1] and -22.5
in axes[2] would be aligned up. If None, align (approximately)
the lowest ticks in all axes.
Returns:
new_ticks (list): a list of new ticks for each axis in <axes>.
A new sets of ticks are computed for each axis in <axes> but with equal
length.
'''from matplotlib.pyplot import MaxNLocator
nax=len(axes)
ticks=[aii.get_yticks() for aii in axes]
if align_values isNone:
aligns=[ticks[ii][0] for ii inrange(nax)]
else:
iflen(align_values) != nax:
raise Exception("Length of <axes> doesn't equal that of <align_values>.")
aligns=align_values
bounds=[aii.get_ylim() for aii in axes]
# align at some points
ticks_align=[ticks[ii]-aligns[ii] for ii inrange(nax)]
# scale the range to 1-100
ranges=[tii[-1]-tii[0] for tii in ticks]
lgs=[-np.log10(rii)+2.for rii in ranges]
igs=[np.floor(ii) for ii in lgs]
log_ticks=[ticks_align[ii]*(10.**igs[ii]) for ii inrange(nax)]
# put all axes ticks into a single array, then compute new ticks for all
comb_ticks=np.concatenate(log_ticks)
comb_ticks.sort()
locator=MaxNLocator(nbins='auto', steps=[1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10])
new_ticks=locator.tick_values(comb_ticks[0], comb_ticks[-1])
new_ticks=[new_ticks/10.**igs[ii] for ii inrange(nax)]
new_ticks=[new_ticks[ii]+aligns[ii] for ii inrange(nax)]
# find the lower bound
idx_l=0for i inrange(len(new_ticks[0])):
ifany([new_ticks[jj][i] > bounds[jj][0] for jj inrange(nax)]):
idx_l=i-1break# find the upper bound
idx_r=0for i inrange(len(new_ticks[0])):
ifall([new_ticks[jj][i] > bounds[jj][1] for jj inrange(nax)]):
idx_r=i
break# trim tick lists by bounds
new_ticks=[tii[idx_l:idx_r+1] for tii in new_ticks]
# set ticks for each axisfor axii, tii inzip(axes, new_ticks):
axii.set_yticks(tii)
return new_ticks
defplotLines(x, y1, y2, y3, ax):
ax.plot(x, y1, 'b-')
ax.tick_params('y',colors='b')
tax1=ax.twinx()
tax1.plot(x, y2, 'r-')
tax1.tick_params('y',colors='r')
tax2=ax.twinx()
tax2.spines['right'].set_position(('axes',1.2))
make_patch_spines_invisible(tax2)
tax2.spines['right'].set_visible(True)
tax2.plot(x, y3, 'g-')
tax2.tick_params('y',colors='g')
ax.grid(True, axis='both')
return ax, tax1, tax2
#-------------Main---------------------------------if __name__=='__main__':
# craft some data to plot
x=np.arange(20)
y1=np.sin(x)
y2=x/1000+np.exp(x)
y3=x+x**2/3.14
figure=plt.figure(figsize=(12,4),dpi=100)
ax1=figure.add_subplot(1, 3, 1)
axes1=plotLines(x, y1, y2, y3, ax1)
ax1.set_title('No alignment')
ax2=figure.add_subplot(1, 3, 2)
axes2=plotLines(x, y1, y2, y3, ax2)
alignYaxes(axes2)
ax2.set_title('Default alignment')
ax3=figure.add_subplot(1, 3, 3)
axes3=plotLines(x, y1, y2, y3, ax3)
alignYaxes(axes3, [0, 2.2*1e8, 44])
ax3.set_title('Specified alignment')
figure.tight_layout()
figure.show()
Solution 5:
This code will ensure that grids from both axes align to each other, without having to hide gridlines from either set. In this example, it allows you to match whichever has the finer grid lines. This builds off of the idea from @Leo. Hope it helps!
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax1.plot(pd.Series(np.random.uniform(0,1,size=10)))
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
ax2.plot(pd.Series(np.random.uniform(10,20,size=10)),color='r')
ax2.grid(None)
# Determine which plot has finer grid. Set pointers accordingly
l1 = len(ax1.get_yticks())
l2 = len(ax2.get_yticks())
if l1 > l2:
a = ax1
b = ax2
l = l1
else:
a = ax2
b = ax1
l = l2
# Respace grid of 'b' axis to match 'a' axis
b_ticks = np.linspace(b.get_yticks()[0],b.get_yticks()[-1],l)
b.set_yticks(b_ticks)
plt.show()
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